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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical region of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was developed to push back Viking invaders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. During this period the town was an active trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its very own harbour till 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of three primary communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a great deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also some of the worst culprits were members of the nobility. According to documents maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and also prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in in between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his relative. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends and followers after that struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street as well as finishing him off with a pistol shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was ultimately tamed by the 7 arched bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been constructed in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was revived right into use, till it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public conference was held in 1800 and passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway remained in a depressing state of repair. Later 19th century transport improvements included the structure of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which connected to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (making up the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was essential to the herring trade, with production peaking in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 manufacturing had declined to simply over 8 thousand barrels. Presently, the languages talked in the town and also in its area tend to be the Doric dialect of Scots, and English.