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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was constructed to drive away Viking intruders as well as a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. Throughout this period the town was a busy trading centre in the “free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, despite not having its own harbour till 1775. The very first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and also in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was given by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of 3 primary towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, together with Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and a few of the most awful offenders were members of the nobility. According to records kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his loved one. Reportedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his pals and also fans then struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street as well as completing him off with a pistol shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was lastly subjugated by the seven arched bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, but was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was brought back right into usage, up until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike roadway between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway remained in an unfortunate state of repair service. Later on 19th century transport enhancements consisted of the building of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring trade, with manufacturing peaking in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which almost thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the town and also in its vicinity have a tendency to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.