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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, and also is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was developed to ward off Viking intruders and a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. During this duration the community was an active trading centre in the “totally free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, despite not having its own harbour until 1775. The first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of 3 principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, together with Aberdeen as well as Montrose. There was a good deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, as well as several of the worst culprits were members of the nobility. According to records maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and also prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his relative. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his pals and also followers then struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and finishing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and also Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was finally subjugated by the seven arched bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been integrated in 1765, but was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was restored into use, up until it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike road in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing road was in an unfortunate state of fixing. Later 19th century transport improvements included the structure of 2 train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Railway in 1859 which connected to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring profession, with production peaking in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, nevertheless by 1912 manufacturing had actually decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the community and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric language of Scots, and also English.