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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was built to push back Viking intruders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. Throughout this period the community was a hectic trading centre in the “free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, despite not having its very own harbour up until 1775. The first taped Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of 3 primary towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a large amount of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and a few of the worst culprits were participants of the nobility. According to records maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of a run-in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends and fans after that assaulted Ogilvie with swords before chasing him into the street as well as completing him off with a handgun shot. Banff as well as Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was lastly tamed by the 7 arched bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been built in 1765, but was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was revived right into use, till it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public conference was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road in between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway was in a depressing state of repair. Later on 19th century transportation improvements consisted of the structure of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Railway in 1859 which connected to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was important to the herring trade, with manufacturing peaking in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 manufacturing had decreased to simply over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the town as well as in its location have a tendency to be the Doric dialect of Scots, and also English.