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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and also is the county town of the historic county of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was built to drive away Viking intruders and a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there back then. Throughout this duration the community was an active trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its own harbour until 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and also in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of 3 principal towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, together with Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a great deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also a few of the most awful culprits were participants of the nobility. According to documents kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and also jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of an altercation in between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his relative. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his buddies as well as followers then struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and completing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and also Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was ultimately tamed by the 7 curved bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been integrated in 1765, but was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was revived into use, till it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public conference was kept in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing roadway was in a depressing state of repair. Later 19th century transport enhancements included the structure of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which connected to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was necessary to the herring profession, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, nonetheless by 1912 manufacturing had actually declined to just over 8 thousand barrels. Presently, the languages talked in the town as well as in its area often tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.