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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historic area of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was built to repel Viking invaders and a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. During this period the town was a busy trading centre in the “totally free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its own harbour till 1775. The initial documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh status was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among 3 principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, together with Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and some of the most awful culprits were participants of the nobility. According to records maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and also prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his loved one. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his pals and also fans then struck Ogilvie with swords before chasing him right into the street and finishing him off with a pistol shot. Banff and Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This unforeseeable river was lastly tamed by the seven arched bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been built in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was brought back right into usage, till it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff and Banff as the existing roadway remained in a sad state of repair. Later on 19th century transportation enhancements consisted of the building of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which connected to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was necessary to the herring profession, with production peaking in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which almost thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had actually decreased to just over 8 thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the community and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric dialect of Scots, as well as English.