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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historic area of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was built to drive away Viking intruders as well as a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there back then. Throughout this duration the town was an active trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its own harbour till 1775. The first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was given by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of three major towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen as well as Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also some of the worst transgressors were participants of the nobility. According to documents kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of an altercation between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his good friends and also followers after that struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him right into the street and also completing him off with a handgun shot. Banff as well as Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was lastly subjugated by the seven curved bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was brought back right into use, up until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road in between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway remained in a sad state of fixing. Later 19th century transportation improvements included the building of 2 train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and the Banff, Portsoy and also Strathisla Railway in 1859 which attached to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was necessary to the herring profession, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 manufacturing had decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the community as well as in its vicinity have a tendency to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.