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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical region of Banffshire. Banff’s very first castle was built to repel Viking invaders as well as a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. Throughout this period the community was a hectic trading centre in the “complimentary hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its own harbour until 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and also in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of 3 principal towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a large amount of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and some of the worst culprits were participants of the nobility. According to records kept by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of a run-in in between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his loved one. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends and also followers after that assaulted Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him right into the street as well as finishing him off with a pistol shot. Banff as well as Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was lastly subjugated by the 7 arched bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been built in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was revived right into usage, till it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing road remained in a sad state of fixing. Later 19th century transportation renovations included the structure of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring trade, with production peaking in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had actually declined to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the community and also in its location tend to be the Doric language of Scots, and also English.