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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical region of Banffshire. Banff’s very first castle was constructed to fend off Viking invaders as well as a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. Throughout this duration the town was a busy trading centre in the “free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its own harbour till 1775. The initial documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and also in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among three major towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also some of the most awful offenders were participants of the nobility. According to documents maintained by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house as well as jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of an altercation in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends as well as followers after that struck Ogilvie with swords before chasing him right into the street and also completing him off with a handgun shot. Banff as well as Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was finally tamed by the 7 curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was brought back into use, till it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public conference was kept in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway was in a depressing state of repair. Later on 19th century transportation renovations consisted of the building of 2 train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring profession, with production coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had declined to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the town and in its area tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.